Monitoring which of the following electrolytes is crucial to avoid complications in refeeding syndrome?

In the context of refeeding syndrome, it is crucial to monitor phosphorus levels closely. Refeeding syndrome occurs when nutrition is reintroduced to individuals who have been in a state of starvation or significant malnutrition. During this refeeding process, an increase in insulin secretion leads to cellular uptake of glucose, electrolytes, and minerals, including phosphorus.

Phosphorus is essential for various cellular functions, including ATP production, and it plays a key role in energy metabolism. As phosphorus is shifted into cells during refeeding, serum levels can plummet, leading to hypophosphatemia. This condition can result in severe complications such as muscle weakness, respiratory failure, hemolysis, and cardiac disturbances.

Monitoring phosphorus levels is vital in patients being reintroduced to nutrition to prevent these complications. While other electrolytes and nutrients like sodium and glucose are important, the specific risk of hypophosphatemia in the context of refeeding syndrome makes phosphorus monitoring particularly critical.