What are common gastrointestinal side effects of HIV medications?

HIV medications, particularly antiretrovirals, are known to frequently cause gastrointestinal side effects due to their effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa and gut microbiome. Vomiting and nausea are among the most commonly reported symptoms. These side effects can occur due to the direct irritant effects of the medications on the stomach or as a result of systemic effects related to the medications' action on viral replication or immune response.

While diarrhea and constipation are also associated with some antiretroviral regimens, vomiting and nausea specifically often lead to more immediate concerns, such as dehydration and a decrease in medication adherence if the patient is unable to tolerate their treatment. Abdominal swelling might occur as a result of several issues related to the infection or its treatment but is not as commonly reported. Severe indigestion may result from multiple factors but is not highlighted as a primary side effect of HIV medications.

In summary, vomiting and nausea, as notable gastrointestinal side effects of HIV medications, reflect how these drugs can impact patients' daily well-being and adherence to treatment.